Chapter Chapter 1 · OF KING ARTHUR

It befell in the days of the noble Utherpendragon, when he was King of

England, [that there was born to him a son who in after time was King

Arthur. Howbeit the boy knew not he was the king's son. For when he was

but a babe] the king commanded two knights and two ladies to take the

child bound in rich cloth of gold, "and deliver him to what poor man

you meet at the postern gate of the castle." So the child was delivered

unto Merlin, and so he bare it forth unto Sir Ector, and made an holy

man to christen him, and named him Arthur; and so Sir Ector's wife

nourished him. Then within two years King Uther fell sick of a great

malady; [and thereof he died]. Then stood the realm in great [danger] a

long while, for every lord made him strong, and many weened [_thought_]

to have been king. [And so, by Merlin's counsel, all the lords of

England came together in the greatest church of London on Christmas

morn before it was day, to see if God would not show by some miracle

who should be king.] And when the first mass was done there was seen

in the church-yard, against the high altar, a great stone four-square,

like to a marble stone, and in the midst thereof was an anvil of steel,

a foot of height, and therein stuck a fair sword naked by the point,

and letters of gold were written about the sword that said thus:

WHO SO PULLETH OUT THIS SWORD OF THIS STONE AND ANVIL, IS RIGHTWISE

KING BORN OF ENGLAND.

So when all the masses were done, all the [lords] went for to behold

the stone and the sword. And when they saw the scripture, some assayed

[_tried_] such as would have been king. But none might stir the sword

nor move it.

"He is not yet here," said the archbishop, "that shall achieve the

sword, but doubt not God will make him to be known. But this is my

counsel," said the archbishop, "that we let purvey [_provide_] ten

knights, men of good fame, and they to keep this sword."

And upon New Year's day the barons let make a tournament for to keep

the lords together, for the archbishop trusted that God would make

him known that should win the sword. So upon New Year's day when the

service was done the barons rode to the field.

And so it happened that Sir Ector rode to the jousts, and with him rode

Sir Kay, his son, and young Arthur that was his nourished brother.

[But Sir] Kay had lost his sword, for he had left it at his father's

lodging, and so he prayed young Arthur to ride for his sword. "I will

with a good will," said Arthur, and rode fast after the sword; and when

he came home, the lady and all were gone out to see the jousting. Then

was Arthur wroth, and said to himself, "I will ride to the church-yard

and take the sword with me that sticketh in the stone, for my brother

Sir Kay shall not be without a sword this day." And so when he came to

the church-yard Arthur alighted, and tied his horse to the stile, and

so went to the tent, and found no knights there, for they were all at

the jousting; and so he handled the sword by the handles, and lightly

and fiercely he pulled it out of the stone, and took his horse and rode

his way till he came to his brother Sir Kay, and delivered him the

sword. And as soon as Sir Kay saw the sword, he wist [_knew_] well that

it was the sword of the stone, and so he rode to his father, Sir Ector,

and said: "Sir, lo here is the sword of the stone; wherefore I must be

king of this land." When Sir Ector beheld the sword, he returned again

and came to the church, and there they alighted, all three, and went

into the church, and anon he made Sir Kay to swear upon a book how he

came to that sword.

"Sir," said Sir Kay, "by my brother Arthur, for he brought it to me."

"How gate [_got_] you this sword?" said Sir Ector to Arthur.

"Sir, I will tell you. When I came home for my brother's sword, I found

nobody at home for to deliver me his sword, and so I thought my brother

Sir Kay should not be swordless, and so I came thither eagerly and

pulled it out of the stone without any pain."

"Found ye any knights about this sword?" said Sir Ector.

"Nay," said Arthur.

"Now," said Sir Ector to Arthur, "I understand that you must be king of

this land."

"Wherefore I?" said Arthur.

"Sir," said Ector, "for there should never man have drawn out this

sword but he that shall be rightwise king of this land. Now let me see

whether ye can put the sword there as it was and pull it out again."

"That is no mastery," said Arthur; and so he put it in the stone.

Therewith Sir Ector assayed to pull out the sword, and failed.

* * * * *

"Now assay," said Sir Ector to Sir Kay. And anon he pulled at the sword

with all his might but it would not be. "Now shall ye assay," said Sir

Ector to Arthur.

"I will well," said Arthur, and pulled it out easily. And therewithal

Sir Ector kneeled down to the earth, and Sir Kay.

"Alas," said Arthur, "mine own dear father and brother, why kneel ye to

me?"

"Nay, nay, my lord Arthur, it is not so: I was never your father nor

of your blood, but I wote [_know_] well ye are of an higher blood than

I weened [_thought_] ye were." And then Sir Ector told him all. Then

Arthur made great moan when he understood that Sir Ector was not his

father.

"Sir," said Ector unto Arthur, "will ye be my good and gracious lord

when ye are king?"

"Else were I to blame," said Arthur, "for ye are the man in the world

that I am most beholding [_obliged_] to, and my good lady and mother

your wife, that as well as her own hath fostered and kept me. And if

ever it be God's will that I be king, as ye say, ye shall desire of me

what I may do, and I shall not fail you."

"Sir," said Sir Ector, "I will ask no more of you but that you will

make my son, your fostered brother Sir Kay seneschal of all your

lands."

"That shall be done, sir," said Arthur, "and more by the faith of my

body; and never man shall have that office but he while that he and I

live."

Therewithal they went unto the archbishop, and told him how the sword

was achieved, and by whom. And upon the twelfth day all the barons

came thither for to assay to take the sword. But there afore them all,

there might none take it out but only Arthur; wherefore there were many

great lords wroth, and said, "It was great shame unto them all and the

realm to be governed with a boy of no high blood born." And so they

fell out at that time, that it was put off till Candlemas, and then all

the barons should meet there again. But always the ten knights were

ordained for to watch the sword both day and night; and so they set a

pavilion over the stone and the sword, and five always watched. And at

Candlemas many more great lords came thither for to have won the sword,

but none of them might prevail. And right as Arthur did at Christmas he

did at Candlemas, and pulled out the sword easily, whereof the barons

were sore aggrieved, and put it in delay till the high feast of Easter.

And as Arthur sped afore, so did he at Easter; and yet there were some

of the great lords had indignation that Arthur should be their king,

and put it off in delay till the feast of Pentecost.

* * * * *

And at the feast of Pentecost all manner of men assayed to pull at the

sword that would assay, and none might prevail; but Arthur pulled it

out afore all the lords and commons that were there, wherefore all the

commons cried at once: "We will have Arthur unto our king; we will

put him no more in delay; for we all see that it is God's will that he

shall be our king, and who that holdeth against it we will slay him."

And therewithal they kneeled down all at once, both rich and poor, and

cried Arthur mercy, because they had delayed him so long. And Arthur

forgave it them, and took the sword between both his hands, and offered

it upon the altar where the archbishop was, and so was he made knight

of[1] the best man that was there. And so anon was the coronation made,

and there was he sworn to the lords and commons for to be a true king,

to stand with true justice from thenceforth all the days of this life.

Also then he made all lords that held of the crown to come in, and to

do service as they ought to do. And many complaints were made unto King

Arthur of great wrongs that were done since the death of King Uther, of

many lands that were bereaved of lords, knights, ladies and gentlemen.

Wherefore King Arthur made the lands to be given again unto them that

owned them. When this was done that the king had stablished all the

countries about London, then he let make Sir Kay seneschal of England;

and Sir Baudwin of Britain was made constable; and Sir Ulfius was made

chamberlain; and Sir Brasias was made warden to wait upon the north

from Trent forwards, for it was that time for the most part enemy to

the king.

[Footnote 1: "Of" was often used for the modern _by_ in Sir Thomas

Malory's time, and is still so used upon occasion. "Made knight of the

best man" thus means _made knight by the best man_.]

* * * * *

Then on a day there came into the court a squire on horseback, leading

a knight before him wounded to the death, and told him there was a

knight in the forest that had reared up a pavilion by a well [_spring_]

side, "and hath slain my master, a good knight, and his name was Miles;

wherefore I beseech you that my master may be buried, and that some

good knight may revenge my master's death." Then was in the court great

noise of the knight's death, and every man said his advice. Then came

Griflet, that was but a squire, and he was but young, of the age of

King Arthur, so he besought the king, for all his service that he had

done, to give him the order of knighthood.

"Thou art full young and tender of age," said King Arthur, "for to take

so high an order upon thee."

"Sir," said Griflet, "I beseech you to make me a knight."

"Sir," said Merlin, "it were pity to leese [_lose_] Griflet, for he

will be a passing good man when he cometh to age, abiding with you the

term of his life; and if he adventure his body with yonder knight at

the fountain, he shall be in great peril if[2] ever he come again, for

he is one of the best knights of the world, and the strongest man of

arms."

[Footnote 2: "If" here means _whether_. "In great peril if ever he come

again," _in great danger of never getting back_.]

"Well," said King Arthur. So, at the desire of Griflet, the king made

him knight.

"Now," said King Arthur to Sir Griflet, "sithen [_since_] that I have

made thee knight, thou must grant me a gift."

"What ye will, my lord," said Sir Griflet.

"Thou shalt promise me, by the faith of thy body, that when thou hast

jousted with the knight at the fountain, whether it fall [_happen_]

that ye be on foot or on horseback, that in the same manner ye shall

come again unto me without any question or making any more debate."

"I will promise you," said Griflet, "as ye desire." Then Sir Griflet

took his horse in great haste, and dressed his shield, and took a great

spear in his hand, and so he rode a great gallop till he came to the

fountain, and thereby he saw a rich pavilion, and thereby under a cloth

stood a fair horse well saddled and bridled, and on a tree a shield

of divers colors, and a great spear. Then Sir Griflet smote upon the

shield with the end of his spear, that the shield fell down to the

ground.

With that came the knight out of the pavilion, and said, "Fair knight,

why smote ye down my shield?"

"For I will joust with you," said Sir Griflet.

"It were better ye did not," said the knight, "for ye are but young and

late made knight, and your might is nothing to mine."

"As for that," said Sir Griflet, "I will joust with you."

"That is me loth," said the knight, "but sith [_since_] I must needs, I

will dress me thereto; but of whence be ye?" said the knight.

"Sir, I am of King Arthur's court." So they ran together that Sir

Griflet's spear all to-shivered [_shivered all to pieces_], and

therewithal he smote Sir Griflet through the shield and the left side,

and brake the spear, that the truncheon stuck in his body, that horse

and knight fell down.

When the knight saw him lie so on the ground he alighted, and was

passing heavy, for he wend [_weened_] he had slain him, and then he

unlaced his helm and got him wind, and so with the truncheon he set

him on his horse, and betook him to God, and said he had a mighty

heart, and if he might live he would prove a passing good knight. And

so Sir Griflet rode to the court, whereas great moan was made for him.

But through good leeches [_surgeons_] he was healed and his life saved.

* * * * *

And King Arthur was passing wroth for the hurt of Sir Griflet. And

by and by he commanded a man of his chamber that his best horse and

armor "be without the city or [_before_] to-morrow day." Right so in

the morning he met with his man and his horse, and so mounted up and

dressed his shield, and took his spear, and bade his chamberlain tarry

there till he came again. And so King Arthur rode but a soft pace till

it was day, and then was he ware of three churls which chased Merlin,

and would have slain him. Then King Arthur rode unto them a good pace,

and cried to them: "Flee, churls." Then were they afraid when they saw

a knight, and fled away. "O Merlin," said King Arthur, "here hadst thou

been slain for[3] all thy craft, had I not been."

[Footnote 3: "For" here means _in spite of_; as still used, in certain

phrases.]

"Nay," said Merlin, "not so, for I could save myself if I would, and

thou art more near thy death than I am, for thou goest towards thy

death, and[4] God be not thy friend."

[Footnote 4: "And" means _if_, here. In later times it becomes

contracted into "an," when used in this sense.]

So, as they went thus talking, they came to the fountain, and the rich

pavilion by it. Then King Arthur was ware where a knight sat all armed

in a chair. "Sir knight," said King Arthur, "for what cause abidest

thou here? That there may no knight ride this way but if he do joust

with thee?" said the king. "I rede [_advise_] thee leave that custom,"

said King Arthur.

"This custom," said the knight, "have I used and will use, maugre [_in

spite of_] who saith nay; and who is grieved with my custom, let him

amend it that will."

"I will amend it," said King Arthur.

"And I shall defend it," said the knight. Anon he took his horse, and

dressed his shield, and took a spear, and they met so hard either on

other's shield, that they all to-shivered [_shivered all to pieces_]

their spears. Therewith King Arthur drew his sword. "Nay, not so," said

the knight, "it is fairer that we twain run more together with sharp

spears."

"I will well," said King Arthur, "and [_if_] I had any mo [_more_]

spears."

"I have spears enough," said the knight. So there came a squire, and

brought two good spears, and King Arthur took one and he another. So

they spurred their horses, and came together with all their mights,

that either brake their spears to their hands. Then Arthur set hand

on his sword. "Nay," said the knight, "ye shall do better; ye are a

passing good jouster as ever I met withal, and for the love of the high

order of knighthood let us joust once again."

"I assent me," said King Arthur. Anon there were brought two great

spears, and every knight gat a spear, and therewith they ran together

that Arthur's spear all to-shivered. But the other knight hit him so

hard in midst of the shield that horse and man fell to the earth, and

therewith Arthur was eager, and pulled out his sword, and said, "I

will assay thee, Sir knight, on foot, for I have lost the honor on

horseback."

"I will be on horseback," said the knight. Then was Arthur wroth, and

dressed his shield towards him with his sword drawn. When the knight

saw that, he alight, for him thought no worship to have a knight at

such avail, he to be on horseback, and he on foot, and so he alight and

dressed his shield unto Arthur. And there began a strong battle with

many great strokes, and so hewed with their swords that the cantels

[_pieces, of armor or of flesh_] flew in the fields, and much blood

they bled both, that all the place there as they fought was over-bled

with blood, and thus they fought long, and rested them, and then they

went to the battle again, and so hurtled together like two rams that

either fell to the earth. So at the last they smote together, that both

their swords met even together. But the sword of the knight smote King

Arthur's sword in two pieces, wherefore he was heavy. Then said the

knight unto Arthur, "Thou art in my danger whether me list to save thee

or slay thee, and but thou yield thee as overcome and recreant thou

shalt die."

"As for death," said King Arthur, "welcome be it when it cometh, but

as to yield me to thee as recreant, I had liever die than to be so

shamed." And there withal the king leapt unto Pellinore, and took him

by the middle, and threw him down, and raced[5] off his helm. When the

knight felt that, he was adread, for he was a passing big man of might,

and anon he brought King Arthur under him, and raced off his helm, and

would have smitten off his head.

[Footnote 5: "Raced" off: _violently tore off_.]

Therewithal came Merlin, and said: "Knight, hold thy hand, for and

[_if_] thou slay that knight, thou puttest this realm in the greatest

damage that ever realm was in, for this knight is a man of more worship

than thou wottest of."

"Why, who is he?" said the knight.

"It is King Arthur."

Then would he have slain him for dread of his wrath, and heaved up his

sword, and therewith Merlin cast an enchantment on the knight, that he

fell to the earth in a great sleep. Then Merlin took up King Arthur,

and rode forth upon the knight's horse. "Alas," said King Arthur, "what

hast thou done, Merlin? hast thou slain this good knight by thy crafts?

There lived not so worshipful a knight as he was; I had liever than the

stint [_loss_] of my land a year, that he were on[6] live."

[Footnote 6: "On live": old form of _alive_.]

"Care ye not," said Merlin, "for he is wholer than ye, for he is but

on[7] sleep, and will awake within three hours. I told you," said

Merlin, "what a knight he was; here had ye been slain had I not been.

Also, there liveth not a better knight than he is, and he shall do you

hereafter right good service, and his name is Pellinore, and he shall

have two sons, that shall be passing good men."

[Footnote 7: "On sleep," _asleep_: as just above "on live," _alive_.]

* * * * *

Right so the king and he departed, and went unto an hermit that was a

good man and a great leech. So the hermit searched all his wounds and

gave him good salves; and the king was there three days, and then were

his wounds well amended that he might ride and go. So Merlin and he

departed, and as they rode, Arthur said, "I have no sword."

"No force,"[8] said Merlin, "hereby is a sword that shall be yours, and

[_if_] I may." So they rode till they came to a lake, which was a fair

water and a broad, and in the middest of the lake King Arthur was ware

of an arm clothed in white samite, that held a fair sword in the hand.

"Lo," said Merlin, "yonder is that sword that I spake of." With that

they saw a damsel going upon the lake.

[Footnote 8: "No force," _no matter_.]

"What damsel is that?" said Arthur.

"That is the Lady of the Lake," said Merlin; "and this damsel will come

to you anon, and then speak ye fair to her that she will give you that

sword." Anon withal came the damsel unto Arthur and saluted him, and he

her again.

"Damsel," said Arthur, "what sword is that, that yonder the arm holdeth

above the water? I would it were mine, for I have no sword."

"Sir king," said the damsel, "that sword is mine, and if ye will give

me a gift when I ask it you, ye shall have it."

"By my faith," said Arthur, "I will give you what gift ye will ask."

"Well," said the damsel, "go ye into yonder barge and row yourself to

the sword, and take it and the scabbard with you, and I will ask my

gift when I see my time."

So King Arthur and Merlin alighted and tied their horses to two trees,

and so they went into the ship, and when they came to the sword that

the hand held, King Arthur took it up by the handles, and took it with

him. And the arm and the hand went under the water; and so they came

unto the land and rode forth. And then King Arthur saw a rich pavilion:

"What signifieth yonder pavilion?"

[Illustration: _And when they came to the sword that the hand held,

King Arthur took it up_]

"It is the knight's pavilion," said Merlin, "that ye fought with last,

Sir Pellinore, but he is out, he is not there; he hath ado with a

knight of yours, that hight [_was named_] Egglame, and they have fought

together, but at the last Egglame fled, and else he had been dead, and

he hath chased him to Caerleon, and we shall anon meet with him in the

high way."

"It is well said," quoth King Arthur, "now have I a sword, and now will

I wage battle with him and be avenged on him."

"Sir, ye shall not do so," said Merlin, "for the knight is weary of

fighting and chasing, so that ye shall have no worship to have ado with

him; also he will not lightly be matched of one knight living; and

therefore my counsel is that ye let him pass, for he shall do you good

service in short time, and his sons after his days. Also ye shall see

that day in short space, that ye shall be right glad to give him your

sister to wife."

"When I see him," said King Arthur, "I will do as ye advise me."

Then King Arthur looked upon the sword and liked it passing well.

"Whether liketh you better," said Merlin, "the sword or the scabbard?"

"Me liketh better the sword," said King Arthur.

"Ye are more unwise," said Merlin, "for the scabbard is worth ten of

the sword, for while ye have the scabbard upon you ye shall leese

[_lose_] no blood be ye never so sore wounded, therefore keep well the

scabbard alway with you."

So they rode on to Caerleon, and by the way they met with Sir

Pellinore. But Merlin had done such a craft that Pellinore saw not

Arthur, and so he passed by without any words.

"I marvel," said the king, "that the knight would not speak."

"Sir," said Merlin, "he saw you not, for and [_if_] he had seen you he

had not lightly departed."

So they came unto Caerleon, whereof the knights were passing glad; and

when they heard of his adventures, they marvelled that he would jeopard

his person so alone. But all men of worship said it was merry to be

under such a chieftain that would put his person in adventure as other

poor knights did.

* * * * *

It befell on a time that King Arthur said to Merlin: "My barons will

let me have no rest, but needs they will have that I take a wife, and I

will none take but by thy counsel and by thine advice."

"It is well done," said Merlin, "that ye take a wife, for a man of your

bounty and nobleness should not be without a wife. Now is there any

fair lady that ye love better than another?"

"Yea," said King Arthur, "I love Guenever, the king's daughter

Leodegrance[9] of the land of Cameliard, which Leodegrance holdeth in

his house the Table Round that ye told he had of my father Uther. And

this damsel is the most gentlest and fairest lady that I know living,

or yet that ever I could find."

[Footnote 9: "The king's daughter Leodegrance," _King Leodegrance's

daughter_.]

And Merlin went forth to King Leodegrance of Cameliard, and told him

of the desire of the king, that he would have to his wife Guenever his

daughter.

"That is to me," said King Leodegrance, "the best tidings that ever I

heard, that so worthy a king of prowess and of nobleness will wed my

daughter. And as for my lands I will give him, wished I that it might

please him, but he hath lands enough, he needeth none; but I shall

send him a gift that shall please him much more, for I shall give him

the Table Round, the which Utherpendragon gave me; and when it is full

complete, there is an hundred knights and fifty, and as for an hundred

good knights I have myself, but I lack fifty, for so many have been

slain in my days."

And so King Leodegrance delivered his daughter Guenever unto Merlin,

and the Table Round with the hundred knights; and so they rode freshly

with great royalty, what by water and what by land, till they came that

night unto London.

* * * * *

When King Arthur heard of the coming of Guenever and the hundred

knights with the Table Round, he made great joy for their coming, and

said openly, "This fair lady is passing welcome to me, for I loved

her long, and therefore there is nothing so pleasing to me. And these

knights with the Round Table please me more than right great riches."

Then in all haste the king did ordain for the marriage and the

coronation in the most honorablest wise that could be devised.

"Now Merlin," said King Arthur, "go thou and espy me in all this land

fifty knights which be of most prowess and worship."

Within short time Merlin had found such knights that should fulfil

twenty and eight knights, but no more he could find. Then the bishop of

Canterbury was fetched, and he blessed the sieges [_seats_] with great

royalty and devotion, and there set the eight and twenty knights in

their sieges.

And when this was done Merlin said, "Fair sirs, ye must all arise and

come to King Arthur for to do him homage; he will have the better will

to maintain you."

And so they arose and did their homage. And when they were gone Merlin

found in every siege letters of gold that told the knights' names that

had sitten therein. But two sieges were void.

"What is the cause," said King Arthur, "that there be two places void

in the sieges?"

"Sir," said Merlin, "there shall no man sit in those places but they

that shall be of most worship. But in the Siege Perilous there shall no

man sit therein but one, and if there be any so hardy to do it he shall

be destroyed, and he that shall sit there shall have no fellow."

And therewith Merlin took King Pellinore by the hand, and, in the

one hand next the two sieges and the Siege Perilous, he said in open

audience, "This is your place, and best ye be worthy to sit therein of

any that is here."

BOOK 2.