Bab Bab 92 · Ambergris.

Now this ambergris is a very curious substance, and so important as an

article of commerce, that in 1791 a certain Nantucket-born Captain

Coffin was examined at the bar of the English House of Commons on that

subject. For at that time, and indeed until a comparatively late day,

the precise origin of ambergris remained, like amber itself, a problem

to the learned. Though the word ambergris is but the French compound

for grey amber, yet the two substances are quite distinct. For amber,

though at times found on the sea-coast, is also dug up in some far

inland soils, whereas ambergris is never found except upon the sea.

Besides, amber is a hard, transparent, brittle, odorless substance,

used for mouth-pieces to pipes, for beads and ornaments; but ambergris

is soft, waxy, and so highly fragrant and spicy, that it is largely

used in perfumery, in pastiles, precious candles, hair-powders, and

pomatum. The Turks use it in cooking, and also carry it to Mecca, for

the same purpose that frankincense is carried to St. Peter’s in Rome.

Some wine merchants drop a few grains into claret, to flavor it.

Who would think, then, that such fine ladies and gentlemen should

regale themselves with an essence found in the inglorious bowels of a

sick whale! Yet so it is. By some, ambergris is supposed to be the

cause, and by others the effect, of the dyspepsia in the whale. How to

cure such a dyspepsia it were hard to say, unless by administering

three or four boat loads of Brandreth’s pills, and then running out of

harm’s way, as laborers do in blasting rocks.

I have forgotten to say that there were found in this ambergris,

certain hard, round, bony plates, which at first Stubb thought might be

sailors’ trowsers buttons; but it afterwards turned out that they were

nothing more than pieces of small squid bones embalmed in that manner.

Now that the incorruption of this most fragrant ambergris should be

found in the heart of such decay; is this nothing? Bethink thee of that

saying of St. Paul in Corinthians, about corruption and incorruption;

how that we are sown in dishonor, but raised in glory. And likewise

call to mind that saying of Paracelsus about what it is that maketh the

best musk. Also forget not the strange fact that of all things of

ill-savor, Cologne-water, in its rudimental manufacturing stages, is

the worst.

I should like to conclude the chapter with the above appeal, but

cannot, owing to my anxiety to repel a charge often made against

whalemen, and which, in the estimation of some already biased minds,

might be considered as indirectly substantiated by what has been said

of the Frenchman’s two whales. Elsewhere in this volume the slanderous

aspersion has been disproved, that the vocation of whaling is

throughout a slatternly, untidy business. But there is another thing to

rebut. They hint that all whales always smell bad. Now how did this

odious stigma originate?

I opine, that it is plainly traceable to the first arrival of the

Greenland whaling ships in London, more than two centuries ago. Because

those whalemen did not then, and do not now, try out their oil at sea

as the Southern ships have always done; but cutting up the fresh

blubber in small bits, thrust it through the bung holes of large casks,

and carry it home in that manner; the shortness of the season in those

Icy Seas, and the sudden and violent storms to which they are exposed,

forbidding any other course. The consequence is, that upon breaking

into the hold, and unloading one of these whale cemeteries, in the

Greenland dock, a savor is given forth somewhat similar to that arising

from excavating an old city grave-yard, for the foundations of a

Lying-in Hospital.

I partly surmise also, that this wicked charge against whalers may be

likewise imputed to the existence on the coast of Greenland, in former

times, of a Dutch village called Schmerenburgh or Smeerenberg, which

latter name is the one used by the learned Fogo Von Slack, in his great

work on Smells, a text-book on that subject. As its name imports

(smeer, fat; berg, to put up), this village was founded in order to

afford a place for the blubber of the Dutch whale fleet to be tried

out, without being taken home to Holland for that purpose. It was a

collection of furnaces, fat-kettles, and oil sheds; and when the works

were in full operation certainly gave forth no very pleasant savor. But

all this is quite different with a South Sea Sperm Whaler; which in a

voyage of four years perhaps, after completely filling her hold with

oil, does not, perhaps, consume fifty days in the business of boiling

out; and in the state that it is casked, the oil is nearly scentless.

The truth is, that living or dead, if but decently treated, whales as a

species are by no means creatures of ill odor; nor can whalemen be

recognised, as the people of the middle ages affected to detect a Jew

in the company, by the nose. Nor indeed can the whale possibly be

otherwise than fragrant, when, as a general thing, he enjoys such high

health; taking abundance of exercise; always out of doors; though, it

is true, seldom in the open air. I say, that the motion of a Sperm

Whale’s flukes above water dispenses a perfume, as when a musk-scented

lady rustles her dress in a warm parlor. What then shall I liken the

Sperm Whale to for fragrance, considering his magnitude? Must it not be

to that famous elephant, with jewelled tusks, and redolent with myrrh,

which was led out of an Indian town to do honor to Alexander the Great?