儒林外史· Chương 56

Chương Chương 56 · 神宗帝下诏旌贤 刘尚书奉旨承祭

群臣接见,名省水旱偏灾,流民载道。督抚虽然题了进去,不知那龙目可曾观看。忽一日,内阁下了一道上谕,科里钞出来,上写道:

万历四十三年五月二十四日,内阁奉上谕:朕即祚以来,四十余年,宵旰兢兢,不遑暇食。夫欲迪康兆姓,首先进用人才。昔秦穆公不能用周礼,诗人刺之、此“蒹葭苍苍”之篇所由作也。今岂有贤智之士处于下歇?不然,何以不能臻于三代之隆也。诸臣其各抒所见,条列以闻、不拘忌讳,朕将采择焉。钦此。

过了三日御史单扬言上了一个疏:

奏为请族沉抑之人才,以昭圣治,以光泉壤事。臣闻人才之盛衰,关平国家之隆替。虞廷翼为明听,周室疏附后先,载于《诗》、《书》,传之奕异,视乎尚矣!夫三代之用人,不拘资格,故《兔置》之野人,《小戎》之女子,皆可以备腹心德音之任。至于后世,始立资格以限制之。又有所谓清流者,在汉则曰“贤良方正”,在唐则日“入直”,在宋则曰“知制诰”。

我朝太祖高皇帝定天下,开乡会制科,设立翰林院衙门,儒臣之得与此选者,不数年间从容而跻卿贰,非是不得谓清华之品。凡宰臣定谥,其不由翰林院出身者,不得谥为“文”。如此之死生荣遇,其所以固结于人心而不可解者,菲一日矣。虽其中拔十而得二三,如薛宣、胡居仁之理学,周宪、吴景之忠义,功业则有于谦、王守仁,文章则有李梦阳、何景明辈:炳炳浪浪,照耀史册。然一榜进士及第,数年之后乃有不能举其姓字者,则其中侥幸亦不免焉。

夫萃天下之人才而限制于资格,则得之者少,失之者多。其不得者,抱其沉冤抑塞之气,嘘吸于字宙间。其生也,或为佯狂,或为迂怪,甚而为幽僻诡异之行;其死也,皆能为妖,为厉,为灾,为浸,上薄乎日星,下彻平渊泉,以为百姓之害:此虽诸臣不能自治其性情,自深于学问,亦不得谓菲资格之限制有以激之使然也。

臣闻唐朝有于诸臣身后追赐进士之典,方干、罗邺皆与焉。皇上旁求侧席,不遗幽隐,宁于已故之儒主惜此恩泽?诸臣生不能入于玉堂,死何妨悬于金马。伏乞皇上,悯其沉抑,特沛殊恩,遍访海内已故之儒修,考其行事,第其文章,赐一榜进士及第,授翰林院职衔有差,帽沉冤抑塞之士,莫不变而为祥风甘雨,同仰皇恩于无既矣。臣愚罔识忌讳,胃昧陈言,伏乞睿鉴施行。

万历四十三年五月二十七日疏上,六月初一日奉旨:

这所奏,著大学上会同礼部行令各省,采访已故儒修诗文、墓志、行状,汇齐送部核查。如何加恩旌扬,分别赐第之处,不拘资格,确议具奏。钦此。

礼部行文到各省,各省督抚行司道,司道行到各府、州、县。采访了一年,督抚汇齐报部,大学土等议了上去。议道:

礼部为钦奉上谕事。万历四十三年五月二十七日,河南道监察御史臣单扬言,奏为请旌沉抑之人才,以昭圣治,以光泉壤事一本,六月初一日奉圣旨(旨意全录)钦此。臣等查得各省咨到采访已故之儒修诗文、墓志、行状,以及访闻事实,合共九十一人:

其已登仕籍未入翰林院者:周进、范进,向鼎、蘧祜、雷骥、张师陆、汤奉、杜倩、李本瑛、董瑛、冯瑶、尤扶徕、虞育德、杨允、余特,共十五人。

其武途出身已登仕籍,例不得入翰林院者:汤奏、萧采、木耐,共三人。

举人:娄奉、卫体善,共二人。

荫生:徐咏一人。

贡生:严大位、随岑庵、匡迥、沈大年,共四人。

监生:娄瓒、蘧来旬、胡缜、武书、伊昭、储信、汤由、汤实、庄洁,共九人。

生员:梅玖、王德、王仁、魏好古、蘧景玉、马静、倪霜峰、季萑、诸葛佑、萧鼎、浦玉方、韦阐、杜仪、臧荼、迟均、余夔、萧树滋、虞感祁、庄尚志、余持、余敷、余殷、虞梁、王蕴、邓义、陈春,共二十六人。

布衣:陈礼、牛布衣、权勿用、景木蕙、赵洁、支锷、金东崖、牛浦、牛瑶、鲍文卿、倪廷珠、宗姬、郭铁笔、金寓刘、辛东之、洪憨仙、卢华士、娄焕文、季恬逸、郭力、萧浩、凤鸣歧、季遐年,盖宽、王太、丁诗、荆元,共二十七人。

释子:甘露僧、陈思阮,共二人。

道士:来霞士一人。

女子:沈琼枝一人。

臣等伏查,已故儒修周进等,其人虽庞杂不伦,其品亦瑕瑜不掩,然皆卓然有以自立。谨按其生平之事实文章,各拟考语,另缮清单,恭呈御览。伏乞皇上钦点名次,揭榜晓示。隆恩出自圣裁,臣等未敢擅便。其诗文、墓志、行状,以及访闻事实,存贮礼部衙门,昭示来兹可也。万历四十四年六月二十三日议上,二十六日奉旨:

虞育德赐第一甲第一名进士及第,授翰林院修撰。庄尚志赐第一甲第二名进士及第,授翰林院编修。杜仪赐第一甲第三名进士及第,授翰林院编修。萧采等赐第二甲进士出身,俱授翰林院检讨。沈琼枝等赐第三甲同进土出身,俱授翰林院庶吉士。于七月初一日揭榜晓示,赐祭一坛,设于国子监,遣礼部尚书刘迸贤前往行礼。余依议。钦此。到了七月初一日黎明,礼部门口悬出一张榜来,上写道:

礼部为钦奉上谕事。今将采访儒修赐第姓名、籍贯,开列于后。须至榜者:

第一甲

第一名虞育德,南直隶常熟县人。

第二名庄尚志,南直隶上元县人。

第三名杜仪,南直隶天长县人。

第二甲

第一名萧采,四川成都府人。

第二名迟均,南直隶句容县人。

第三名马静,浙江处州府人。

第四名武书,南直隶江宁县人。

第五名汤奏,南直隶仪征县人。

第六名余特,南直隶五河县人。

第七名杜倩,南直隶天长县人。

第八名萧浩,四川成都府人。

第九名郭力,湖广长沙府人。

第十名娄焕文,南直隶江宁县人。

第十一名王蕴,南直隶徽州府人。

第十二名娄奉,浙江归安县人。

第十三名娄瓒,浙江归安县人。

第十四名蓬祜,浙江嘉兴府人。

第十五名向鼎,浙江绍兴府人。

第十六名庄洁,南直隶上元县人。

等十七名虞梁,南直隶五河县人。

第十八名尤扶徕,南直隶江阴县人。

第十九名鲍文卿,南直隶江宁县人。

第二十名甘露僧,南直隶芜湖县人。

第三甲

第一名沈琼枝,南宣隶常州府人。

第二名韦阐,南直隶滁州府人。

第三名徐咏,南宜隶定远县人。

第四名蘧来旬,浙江嘉兴府人。

第五名李本瑛,四川成都府人。

第六名邓义,南直隶徽州府人。

第七名凤鸣歧,南直隶江宁县人。

第八名木耐,陕西同官县人。

第九名牛布衣,浙江绍兴府人。

第十名季萑,南直隶怀宁县人。

第十一名景本蕙,浙江温州府人。

第十二名赵洁,浙江杭州府人。

第十三名胡缜,浙江杭州府人。

第十四名盖宽,南直隶江宁县人。

第十五名荆元,南直隶江宁县人。

第十六名雷骥,北直隶大兴县人。

第十七名杨允,浙江乌程县人。

第十八名诸葛佑,南直隶盱眙县人。

第十九名季遐年,南直隶上元县人。

第二十名陈春,南直隶太平府人。

第二十一名匡迥,浙江乐清县人。

第二十二名来霞士,南直隶扬州府人。

第二十三名王太,南直隶上元县人。

第二十四名汤由,南直隶仪征县人。

第二十五名辛东之,南直隶仪征县人。

第二十六名严大位,广东高要县人。

第二十七名陈思阮,江西南昌府人。

第二十八名陈礼,江西南昌府人。

第二十九名丁诗,南直隶江宁县人。

第三十名牛浦,南直隶芜湖县人。

第三十一名余夔,南直隶上元县人。

第三十二名郭铁笔,南直隶芜湖县人。

这一日,礼部刘迸贤奉旨来到国子监里,戴了帕头,穿了官袍,摆齐了祭品,上来三献。太常寺官便读祝文道:

维万历四十四年岁次丙辰,七月朔,宜祭日,皇帝遣礼部尚书刘进贤以牲醴玉帛之仪,致祭于特赠翰林院修撰虞育德等之灵曰:

嗟尔诸臣,纯懿灵淑,玉粹鸾骞,金贞雌伏。弥纶天地,幽替神明,易称鸿渐,诗喻鹤鸣。

资格困人,贤豪同叹;凤已就怒,桐犹遭暴。缦袍短褐,蓬留桑枢;伐藜粥畚,坎凛歉觑。

亦有微官,曾纡尺组,龙实难驯,哈宁堪伍。亦有达宦,曾著先鞭,玉堂金马,邈若神仙。

子子千旄,翘翘车乘,誓墓凿坏,谁敢捷径?涩矗泶嵺,驵侩市门,中有高士,谁共讨论?

茶板粥鱼,丹炉药臼,梨园之子,兰闺之秀。提戈磨盾,束发从征,功成身退,日落旗红。

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