第 十三 章 · Chapter XIII

. Chapter XIII

“All of us, men and women, are brought up in these aberrations of

feeling that we call love. I from childhood had prepared myself for

this thing, and I loved, and I loved during all my youth, and I was

joyous in loving. It had been put into my head that it was the noblest

and highest occupation in the world. But when this expected feeling

came at last, and I, a man, abandoned myself to it, the lie was pierced

through and through. Theoretically a lofty love is conceivable;

practically it is an ignoble and degrading thing, which it is equally

disgusting to talk about and to remember. It is not in vain that nature

has made ceremonies, but people pretend that the ignoble and the

shameful is beautiful and lofty.

“I will tell you brutally and briefly what were the first signs of my

love. I abandoned myself to beastly excesses, not only not ashamed of

them, but proud of them, giving no thought to the intellectual life of

my wife. And not only did I not think of her intellectual life, I did

not even consider her physical life.

“I was astonished at the origin of our hostility, and yet how clear it

was! This hostility is nothing but a protest of human nature against

the beast that enslaves it. It could not be otherwise. This hatred was

the hatred of accomplices in a crime. Was it not a crime that, this

poor woman having become pregnant in the first month, our _liaison_

should have continued just the same?

“You imagine that I am wandering from my story. Not at all. I am always

giving you an account of the events that led to the murder of my wife.

The imbeciles! They think that I killed my wife on the 5th of October.

It was long before that that I immolated her, just as they all kill

now. Understand well that in our society there is an idea shared by all

that woman procures man pleasure (and _vice versa_, probably, but I

know nothing of that, I only know my own case). _Wein, Weiber und

Gesang_. So say the poets in their verses: Wine, women, and song!

“If it were only that! Take all the poetry, the painting, the

sculpture, beginning with Pouschkine’s ‘Little Feet,’ with ‘Venus and

Phryne,’ and you will see that woman is only a means of enjoyment. That

is what she is at Trouba,[*] at Gratchevka, and in a court ball-room.

And think of this diabolical trick: if she were a thing without moral

value, it might be said that woman is a fine morsel; but, in the first

place, these knights assure us that they adore woman (they adore her

and look upon her, however, as a means of enjoyment), then all assure

us that they esteem woman. Some give up their seats to her, pick up her

handkerchief; others recognize in her a right to fill all offices,

participate in government, etc., but, in spite of all that, the

essential point remains the same. She is, she remains, an object of

sensual desire, and she knows it. It is slavery, for slavery is nothing

else than the utilization of the labor of some for the enjoyment of

others. That slavery may not exist people must refuse to enjoy the

labor of others, and look upon it as a shameful act and as a sin.

[*] A suburb of Moscow.

“Actually, this is what happens. They abolish the external form, they

suppress the formal sales of slaves, and then they imagine and assure

others that slavery is abolished. They are unwilling to see that it

still exists, since people, as before, like to profit by the labor of

others, and think it good and just. This being given, there will always

be found beings stronger or more cunning than others to profit thereby.

The same thing happens in the emancipation of woman. At bottom feminine

servitude consists entirely in her assimilation with a means of

pleasure. They excite woman, they give her all sorts of rights equal to

those of men, but they continue to look upon her as an object of

sensual desire, and thus they bring her up from infancy and in public

opinion.

“She is always the humiliated and corrupt serf, and man remains always

the debauched Master. Yes, to abolish slavery, public opinion must

admit that it is shameful to exploit one’s neighbor, and, to make woman

free, public opinion must admit that it is shameful to consider woman

as an instrument of pleasure.

“The emancipation of woman is not to be effected in the public courts

or in the chamber of deputies, but in the sleeping chamber.

Prostitution is to be combated, not in the houses of ill-fame, but in

the family. They free woman in the public courts and in the chamber of

deputies, but she remains an instrument. Teach her, as she is taught

among us, to look upon herself as such, and she will always remain an

inferior being. Either, with the aid of the rascally doctors, she will

try to prevent conception, and descend, not to the level of an animal,

but to the level of a thing; or she will be what she is in the great

majority of cases,—sick, hysterical, wretched, without hope of

spiritual progress.” . . .

“But why that?” I asked.

“Oh! the most astonishing thing is that no one is willing to see this

thing, evident as it is, which the doctors must understand, but which

they take good care not to do. Man does not wish to know the law of

nature,—children. But children are born and become an embarrassment.

Then man devises means of avoiding this embarrassment. We have not yet

reached the low level of Europe, nor Paris, nor the ‘system of two

children,’ nor Mahomet. We have discovered nothing, because we have

given it no thought. We feel that there is something bad in the two

first means; but we wish to preserve the family, and our view of woman

is still worse.

“With us woman must be at the same time mistress and nurse, and her

strength is not sufficient. That is why we have hysteria, nervous

attacks, and, among the peasants, witchcraft. Note that among the young

girls of the peasantry this state of things does not exist, but only

among the wives, and the wives who live with their husbands. The reason

is clear, and this is the cause of the intellectual and moral decline

of woman, and of her abasement.

“If they would only reflect what a grand work for the wife is the

period of gestation! In her is forming the being who continues us, and

this holy work is thwarted and rendered painful . . . by what? It is

frightful to think of it! And after that they talk of the liberties and

the rights of woman! It is like the cannibals fattening their prisoners

in order to devour them, and assuring these unfortunates at the same

time that their rights and their liberties are guarded!”

All this was new to me, and astonished me very much.

“But if this is so,” said I, “it follows that one may love his wife

only once every two years; and as man” . . .

“And as man has need of her, you are going to say. At least, so the

priests of science assure us. I would force these priests to fulfil the

function of these women, who, in their opinion, are necessary to man. I

wonder what song they would sing then. Assure man that he needs brandy,

tobacco, opium, and he will believe those poisons necessary. It follows

that God did not know how to arrange matters properly, since, without

asking the opinions of the priests, he has combined things as they are.

Man needs, so they have decided, to satisfy his sensual desire, and

here this function is disturbed by the birth and the nursing of

children.

“What, then, is to be done? Why, apply to the priests; they will

arrange everything, and they have really discovered a way. When, then,

will these rascals with their lies be uncrowned! It is high time. We

have had enough of them. People go mad, and shoot each other with

revolvers, and always because of that! And how could it be otherwise?

“One would say that the animals know that descent continues their race,

and that they follow a certain law in regard thereto. Only man does not

know this, and is unwilling to know it. He cares only to have as much

sensual enjoyment as possible. The king of nature,—man! In the name of

his love he kills half the human race. Of woman, who ought to be his

aid in the movement of humanity toward liberty, he makes, in the name

of his pleasures, not an aid, but an enemy. Who is it that everywhere

puts a check upon the progressive movement of humanity? Woman. Why is

it so?

“For the reason that I have given, and for that reason only.”