第 三十 章 · The Slave Warehouse
. The Slave Warehouse
A slave warehouse! Perhaps some of my readers conjure up horrible
visions of such a place. They fancy some foul, obscure den, some
horrible _Tartarus “informis, ingens, cui lumen ademptum.”_ But no,
innocent friend; in these days men have learned the art of sinning
expertly and genteelly, so as not to shock the eyes and senses of
respectable society. Human property is high in the market; and is,
therefore, well fed, well cleaned, tended, and looked after, that it
may come to sale sleek, and strong, and shining. A slave-warehouse in
New Orleans is a house externally not much unlike many others, kept
with neatness; and where every day you may see arranged, under a sort
of shed along the outside, rows of men and women, who stand there as a
sign of the property sold within.
Then you shall be courteously entreated to call and examine, and shall
find an abundance of husbands, wives, brothers, sisters, fathers,
mothers, and young children, to be “sold separately, or in lots to suit
the convenience of the purchaser;” and that soul immortal, once bought
with blood and anguish by the Son of God, when the earth shook, and the
rocks rent, and the graves were opened, can be sold, leased, mortgaged,
exchanged for groceries or dry goods, to suit the phases of trade, or
the fancy of the purchaser.
It was a day or two after the conversation between Marie and Miss
Ophelia, that Tom, Adolph, and about half a dozen others of the St.
Clare estate, were turned over to the loving kindness of Mr. Skeggs,
the keeper of a depot on —— street, to await the auction, next day.
Tom had with him quite a sizable trunk full of clothing, as had most
others of them. They were ushered, for the night, into a long room,
where many other men, of all ages, sizes, and shades of complexion,
were assembled, and from which roars of laughter and unthinking
merriment were proceeding.
“Ah, ha! that’s right. Go it, boys,—go it!” said Mr. Skeggs, the
keeper. “My people are always so merry! Sambo, I see!” he said,
speaking approvingly to a burly negro who was performing tricks of low
buffoonery, which occasioned the shouts which Tom had heard.
As might be imagined, Tom was in no humor to join these proceedings;
and, therefore, setting his trunk as far as possible from the noisy
group, he sat down on it, and leaned his face against the wall.
The dealers in the human article make scrupulous and systematic efforts
to promote noisy mirth among them, as a means of drowning reflection,
and rendering them insensible to their condition. The whole object of
the training to which the negro is put, from the time he is sold in the
northern market till he arrives south, is systematically directed
towards making him callous, unthinking, and brutal. The slave-dealer
collects his gang in Virginia or Kentucky, and drives them to some
convenient, healthy place,—often a watering place,—to be fattened. Here
they are fed full daily; and, because some incline to pine, a fiddle is
kept commonly going among them, and they are made to dance daily; and
he who refuses to be merry—in whose soul thoughts of wife, or child, or
home, are too strong for him to be gay—is marked as sullen and
dangerous, and subjected to all the evils which the ill will of an
utterly irresponsible and hardened man can inflict upon him. Briskness,
alertness, and cheerfulness of appearance, especially before observers,
are constantly enforced upon them, both by the hope of thereby getting
a good master, and the fear of all that the driver may bring upon them
if they prove unsalable.
“What dat ar nigger doin here?” said Sambo, coming up to Tom, after Mr.
Skeggs had left the room. Sambo was a full black, of great size, very
lively, voluble, and full of trick and grimace.
“What you doin here?” said Sambo, coming up to Tom, and poking him
facetiously in the side. “Meditatin’, eh?”
“I am to be sold at the auction tomorrow!” said Tom, quietly.
“Sold at auction,—haw! haw! boys, an’t this yer fun? I wish’t I was
gwine that ar way!—tell ye, wouldn’t I make ’em laugh? But how is
it,—dis yer whole lot gwine tomorrow?” said Sambo, laying his hand
freely on Adolph’s shoulder.
“Please to let me alone!” said Adolph, fiercely, straightening himself
up, with extreme disgust.
“Law, now, boys! dis yer’s one o’ yer white niggers,—kind o’ cream
color, ye know, scented!” said he, coming up to Adolph and snuffing. “O
Lor! he’d do for a tobaccer-shop; they could keep him to scent snuff!
Lor, he’d keep a whole shope agwine,—he would!”
“I say, keep off, can’t you?” said Adolph, enraged.
“Lor, now, how touchy we is,—we white niggers! Look at us now!” and
Sambo gave a ludicrous imitation of Adolph’s manner; “here’s de airs
and graces. We’s been in a good family, I specs.”
“Yes,” said Adolph; “I had a master that could have bought you all for
old truck!”
“Laws, now, only think,” said Sambo, “the gentlemens that we is!”
“I belonged to the St. Clare family,” said Adolph, proudly.
“Lor, you did! Be hanged if they ar’n’t lucky to get shet of ye. Spects
they’s gwine to trade ye off with a lot o’ cracked tea-pots and sich
like!” said Sambo, with a provoking grin.
Adolph, enraged at this taunt, flew furiously at his adversary,
swearing and striking on every side of him. The rest laughed and
shouted, and the uproar brought the keeper to the door.
“What now, boys? Order,—order!” he said, coming in and flourishing a
large whip.
All fled in different directions, except Sambo, who, presuming on the
favor which the keeper had to him as a licensed wag, stood his ground,
ducking his head with a facetious grin, whenever the master made a dive
at him.
“Lor, Mas’r, ’tan’t us,—we ’s reglar stiddy,—it’s these yer new hands;
they ’s real aggravatin’,—kinder pickin’ at us, all time!”
The keeper, at this, turned upon Tom and Adolph, and distributing a few
kicks and cuffs without much inquiry, and leaving general orders for
all to be good boys and go to sleep, left the apartment.
While this scene was going on in the men’s sleeping-room, the reader
may be curious to take a peep at the corresponding apartment allotted
to the women. Stretched out in various attitudes over the floor, he may
see numberless sleeping forms of every shade of complexion, from the
purest ebony to white, and of all years, from childhood to old age,
lying now asleep. Here is a fine bright girl, of ten years, whose
mother was sold out yesterday, and who tonight cried herself to sleep
when nobody was looking at her. Here, a worn old negress, whose thin
arms and callous fingers tell of hard toil, waiting to be sold
tomorrow, as a cast-off article, for what can be got for her; and some
forty or fifty others, with heads variously enveloped in blankets or
articles of clothing, lie stretched around them. But, in a corner,
sitting apart from the rest, are two females of a more interesting
appearance than common. One of these is a respectably-dressed mulatto
woman between forty and fifty, with soft eyes and a gentle and pleasing
physiognomy. She has on her head a high-raised turban, made of a gay
red Madras handkerchief, of the first quality, her dress is neatly
fitted, and of good material, showing that she has been provided for
with a careful hand. By her side, and nestling closely to her, is a
young girl of fifteen,—her daughter. She is a quadroon, as may be seen
from her fairer complexion, though her likeness to her mother is quite
discernible. She has the same soft, dark eye, with longer lashes, and
her curling hair is of a luxuriant brown. She also is dressed with
great neatness, and her white, delicate hands betray very little
acquaintance with servile toil. These two are to be sold tomorrow, in
the same lot with the St. Clare servants; and the gentleman to whom
they belong, and to whom the money for their sale is to be transmitted,
is a member of a Christian church in New York, who will receive the
money, and go thereafter to the sacrament of his Lord and theirs, and
think no more of it.
These two, whom we shall call Susan and Emmeline, had been the personal
attendants of an amiable and pious lady of New Orleans, by whom they
had been carefully and piously instructed and trained. They had been
taught to read and write, diligently instructed in the truths of
religion, and their lot had been as happy an one as in their condition
it was possible to be. But the only son of their protectress had the
management of her property; and, by carelessness and extravagance
involved it to a large amount, and at last failed. One of the largest
creditors was the respectable firm of B. & Co., in New York. B. & Co.
wrote to their lawyer in New Orleans, who attached the real estate
(these two articles and a lot of plantation hands formed the most
valuable part of it), and wrote word to that effect to New York.
Brother B., being, as we have said, a Christian man, and a resident in
a free State, felt some uneasiness on the subject. He didn’t like
trading in slaves and souls of men,—of course, he didn’t; but, then,
there were thirty thousand dollars in the case, and that was rather too
much money to be lost for a principle; and so, after much considering,
and asking advice from those that he knew would advise to suit him,
Brother B. wrote to his lawyer to dispose of the business in the way
that seemed to him the most suitable, and remit the proceeds.
The day after the letter arrived in New Orleans, Susan and Emmeline
were attached, and sent to the depot to await a general auction on the
following morning; and as they glimmer faintly upon us in the moonlight
which steals through the grated window, we may listen to their
conversation. Both are weeping, but each quietly, that the other may
not hear.
“Mother, just lay your head on my lap, and see if you can’t sleep a
little,” says the girl, trying to appear calm.
“I haven’t any heart to sleep, Em; I can’t; it’s the last night we may
be together!”
“O, mother, don’t say so! perhaps we shall get sold together,—who
knows?”
“If ’t was anybody’s else case, I should say so, too, Em,” said the
woman; “but I’m so feard of losin’ you that I don’t see anything but
the danger.”
“Why, mother, the man said we were both likely, and would sell well.”
Susan remembered the man’s looks and words. With a deadly sickness at
her heart, she remembered how he had looked at Emmeline’s hands, and
lifted up her curly hair, and pronounced her a first-rate article.
Susan had been trained as a Christian, brought up in the daily reading
of the Bible, and had the same horror of her child’s being sold to a
life of shame that any other Christian mother might have; but she had
no hope,—no protection.
“Mother, I think we might do first rate, if you could get a place as
cook, and I as chambermaid or seamstress, in some family. I dare say we
shall. Let’s both look as bright and lively as we can, and tell all we
can do, and perhaps we shall,” said Emmeline.
“I want you to brush your hair all back straight, tomorrow,” said
Susan.
“What for, mother? I don’t look near so well, that way.”
“Yes, but you’ll sell better so.”
“I don’t see why!” said the child.
“Respectable families would be more apt to buy you, if they saw you
looked plain and decent, as if you wasn’t trying to look handsome. I
know their ways better ’n you do,” said Susan.
“Well, mother, then I will.”
“And, Emmeline, if we shouldn’t ever see each other again, after
tomorrow,—if I’m sold way up on a plantation somewhere, and you
somewhere else,—always remember how you’ve been brought up, and all
Missis has told you; take your Bible with you, and your hymn-book; and
if you’re faithful to the Lord, he’ll be faithful to you.”
So speaks the poor soul, in sore discouragement; for she knows that
tomorrow any man, however vile and brutal, however godless and
merciless, if he only has money to pay for her, may become owner of her
daughter, body and soul; and then, how is the child to be faithful? She
thinks of all this, as she holds her daughter in her arms, and wishes
that she were not handsome and attractive. It seems almost an
aggravation to her to remember how purely and piously, how much above
the ordinary lot, she has been brought up. But she has no resort but to
_pray_; and many such prayers to God have gone up from those same trim,
neatly-arranged, respectable slave-prisons,—prayers which God has not
forgotten, as a coming day shall show; for it is written, “Who causeth
one of these little ones to offend, it were better for him that a
millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the
depths of the sea.”
The soft, earnest, quiet moonbeam looks in fixedly, marking the bars of
the grated windows on the prostrate, sleeping forms. The mother and
daughter are singing together a wild and melancholy dirge, common as a
funeral hymn among the slaves:
“O, where is weeping Mary?
O, where is weeping Mary?
’Rived in the goodly land.
She is dead and gone to Heaven;
She is dead and gone to Heaven;
’Rived in the goodly land.”
These words, sung by voices of a peculiar and melancholy sweetness, in
an air which seemed like the sighing of earthy despair after heavenly
hope, floated through the dark prison rooms with a pathetic cadence, as
verse after verse was breathed out:
“O, where are Paul and Silas?
O, where are Paul and Silas?
Gone to the goodly land.
They are dead and gone to Heaven;
They are dead and gone to Heaven;
’Rived in the goodly land.”
Sing on poor souls! The night is short, and the morning will part you
forever!
But now it is morning, and everybody is astir; and the worthy Mr.
Skeggs is busy and bright, for a lot of goods is to be fitted out for
auction. There is a brisk lookout on the toilet; injunctions passed
around to every one to put on their best face and be spry; and now all
are arranged in a circle for a last review, before they are marched up
to the Bourse.
Mr. Skeggs, with his palmetto on and his cigar in his mouth, walks
around to put farewell touches on his wares.
“How’s this?” he said, stepping in front of Susan and Emmeline.
“Where’s your curls, gal?”
The girl looked timidly at her mother, who, with the smooth adroitness
common among her class, answers,
“I was telling her, last night, to put up her hair smooth and neat, and
not havin’ it flying about in curls; looks more respectable so.”
“Bother!” said the man, peremptorily, turning to the girl; “you go
right along, and curl yourself real smart!” He added, giving a crack to
a rattan he held in his hand, “And be back in quick time, too!”
“You go and help her,” he added, to the mother. “Them curls may make a
hundred dollars difference in the sale of her.”
Beneath a splendid dome were men of all nations, moving to and fro,
over the marble pave. On every side of the circular area were little
tribunes, or stations, for the use of speakers and auctioneers. Two of
these, on opposite sides of the area, were now occupied by brilliant
and talented gentlemen, enthusiastically forcing up, in English and
French commingled, the bids of connoisseurs in their various wares. A
third one, on the other side, still unoccupied, was surrounded by a
group, waiting the moment of sale to begin. And here we may recognize
the St. Clare servants,—Tom, Adolph, and others; and there, too, Susan
and Emmeline, awaiting their turn with anxious and dejected faces.
Various spectators, intending to purchase, or not intending, examining,
and commenting on their various points and faces with the same freedom
that a set of jockeys discuss the merits of a horse.
“Hulloa, Alf! what brings you here?” said a young exquisite, slapping
the shoulder of a sprucely-dressed young man, who was examining Adolph
through an eye-glass.
“Well! I was wanting a valet, and I heard that St. Clare’s lot was
going. I thought I’d just look at his—”
“Catch me ever buying any of St. Clare’s people! Spoilt niggers, every
one. Impudent as the devil!” said the other.
“Never fear that!” said the first. “If I get ’em, I’ll soon have their
airs out of them; they’ll soon find that they’ve another kind of master
to deal with than Monsieur St. Clare. ’Pon my word, I’ll buy that
fellow. I like the shape of him.”
“You’ll find it’ll take all you’ve got to keep him. He’s deucedly
extravagant!”
“Yes, but my lord will find that he _can’t_ be extravagant with _me_.
Just let him be sent to the calaboose a few times, and thoroughly
dressed down! I’ll tell you if it don’t bring him to a sense of his
ways! O, I’ll reform him, up hill and down,—you’ll see. I buy him,
that’s flat!”
Tom had been standing wistfully examining the multitude of faces
thronging around him, for one whom he would wish to call master. And if
you should ever be under the necessity, sir, of selecting, out of two
hundred men, one who was to become your absolute owner and disposer,
you would, perhaps, realize, just as Tom did, how few there were that
you would feel at all comfortable in being made over to. Tom saw
abundance of men,—great, burly, gruff men; little, chirping, dried men;
long-favored, lank, hard men; and every variety of stubbed-looking,
commonplace men, who pick up their fellow-men as one picks up chips,
putting them into the fire or a basket with equal unconcern, according
to their convenience; but he saw no St. Clare.
A little before the sale commenced, a short, broad, muscular man, in a
checked shirt considerably open at the bosom, and pantaloons much the
worse for dirt and wear, elbowed his way through the crowd, like one
who is going actively into a business; and, coming up to the group,
began to examine them systematically. From the moment that Tom saw him
approaching, he felt an immediate and revolting horror at him, that
increased as he came near. He was evidently, though short, of gigantic
strength. His round, bullet head, large, light-gray eyes, with their
shaggy, sandy eyebrows, and stiff, wiry, sun-burned hair, were rather
unprepossessing items, it is to be confessed; his large, coarse mouth
was distended with tobacco, the juice of which, from time to time, he
ejected from him with great decision and explosive force; his hands
were immensely large, hairy, sun-burned, freckled, and very dirty, and
garnished with long nails, in a very foul condition. This man proceeded
to a very free personal examination of the lot. He seized Tom by the
jaw, and pulled open his mouth to inspect his teeth; made him strip up
his sleeve, to show his muscle; turned him round, made him jump and
spring, to show his paces.
“Where was you raised?” he added, briefly, to these investigations.
“In Kintuck, Mas’r,” said Tom, looking about, as if for deliverance.
“What have you done?”
“Had care of Mas’r’s farm,” said Tom.
“Likely story!” said the other, shortly, as he passed on. He paused a
moment before Dolph; then spitting a discharge of tobacco-juice on his
well-blacked boots, and giving a contemptuous umph, he walked on. Again
he stopped before Susan and Emmeline. He put out his heavy, dirty hand,
and drew the girl towards him; passed it over her neck and bust, felt
her arms, looked at her teeth, and then pushed her back against her
mother, whose patient face showed the suffering she had been going
through at every motion of the hideous stranger.
The girl was frightened, and began to cry.
“Stop that, you minx!” said the salesman; “no whimpering here,—the sale
is going to begin.” And accordingly the sale begun.
Adolph was knocked off, at a good sum, to the young gentlemen who had
previously stated his intention of buying him; and the other servants
of the St. Clare lot went to various bidders.
“Now, up with you, boy! d’ye hear?” said the auctioneer to Tom.
Tom stepped upon the block, gave a few anxious looks round; all seemed
mingled in a common, indistinct noise,—the clatter of the salesman
crying off his qualifications in French and English, the quick fire of
French and English bids; and almost in a moment came the final thump of
the hammer, and the clear ring on the last syllable of the word
_“dollars,”_ as the auctioneer announced his price, and Tom was made
over.—He had a master!
He was pushed from the block;—the short, bullet-headed man seizing him
roughly by the shoulder, pushed him to one side, saying, in a harsh
voice, “Stand there, _you!_”
Tom hardly realized anything; but still the bidding went on,—ratting,
clattering, now French, now English. Down goes the hammer again,—Susan
is sold! She goes down from the block, stops, looks wistfully back,—her
daughter stretches her hands towards her. She looks with agony in the
face of the man who has bought her,—a respectable middle-aged man, of
benevolent countenance.
“O, Mas’r, please do buy my daughter!”
“I’d like to, but I’m afraid I can’t afford it!” said the gentleman,
looking, with painful interest, as the young girl mounted the block,
and looked around her with a frightened and timid glance.
The blood flushes painfully in her otherwise colorless cheek, her eye
has a feverish fire, and her mother groans to see that she looks more
beautiful than she ever saw her before. The auctioneer sees his
advantage, and expatiates volubly in mingled French and English, and
bids rise in rapid succession.
“I’ll do anything in reason,” said the benevolent-looking gentleman,
pressing in and joining with the bids. In a few moments they have run
beyond his purse. He is silent; the auctioneer grows warmer; but bids
gradually drop off. It lies now between an aristocratic old citizen and
our bullet-headed acquaintance. The citizen bids for a few turns,
contemptuously measuring his opponent; but the bullet-head has the
advantage over him, both in obstinacy and concealed length of purse,
and the controversy lasts but a moment; the hammer falls,—he has got
the girl, body and soul, unless God help her!
Her master is Mr. Legree, who owns a cotton plantation on the Red
River. She is pushed along into the same lot with Tom and two other
men, and goes off, weeping as she goes.
The benevolent gentleman is sorry; but, then, the thing happens every
day! One sees girls and mothers crying, at these sales, _always!_ it
can’t be helped, &c.; and he walks off, with his acquisition, in
another direction.
Two days after, the lawyer of the Christian firm of B. & Co., New York,
send on their money to them. On the reverse of that draft, so obtained,
let them write these words of the great Paymaster, to whom they shall
make up their account in a future day: _“When he maketh inquisition for
blood, he forgetteth not the cry of the humble!”_